Zach hodgkins biography examples
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Working together in , and again from to , Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley formed one of the most productive and influential collaborations in the history of physiology. Their work, both in the Physiological Laboratory in Cambridge and at the Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association in Plymouth, provided fundamental insights into nerve cell excitability. Their legacy is not only our understanding of how voltage-gated ion channels give rise to propagating action potentials, but also the very framework for studying and analysing ion channel kinetics. Their work won them a share of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Fig. 1) as well as laying the foundations for other Nobel Prize-winning work including that of Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann ‘for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells’ and Roderick MacKinnon ‘for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels’.
Figure 1. The cover of the Nobel Prize Programme.
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Squid, mercury and Poland ()
Huxley, a bright student fresh from his final undergraduate year in Physiology at Cambridge, had accepted Hodgkin's invitation to join him in Plymouth to work on nerve conduction (Fig. 2). Eventually in August , after weeks of waiting, the trawlers operating beyond Plymou
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GRACE, DAVID
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KLYUCHEVSKY, VASILI & ARCHIBALD, LILIANA (trans)
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The Missionary's Daughter
SPRINGER, RANDAL (Ed)
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Orson Well
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Hodgkin-Huxley Model
Hodgkin and Huxley () performed experiments on the giant axon of the squid and found three different types of ion current, viz., sodium, potassium, and a leak current that consists mainly of Cl ions. Specific voltage-dependent ion channels, one for sodium and another one for potassium, control the flow of those ions through the cell membrane. The leak current takes care of other channel types which are not described explicitly.
The Hodgkin-Huxley model can be understood with the help of Fig. The semipermeable cell membrane separates the interior of the cell from the extracellular liquid and acts as a capacitor. If an input current is injected into the cell, it may add further charge on the capacitor, or leak through the channels in the cell membrane. Each channel type is represented in Fig. by a resistor. The unspecific channel has a leak resistance , the sodium channel a resistance and the potassium channel a resistance . The diagonal arrow across the diagram of the resistor indicates that the value of the resistance is not fixed, but changes depending on whether the ion channel is open or closed. Because of active ion transport through the cell membrane, the ion concentration inside the cell is different from that in the extracellular liquid.